After a review of the Grade 10 Chemistry, there are three main units:

1.  Introduction   to     Stoichiometry
2.   From Structures to Properties
3. Organic Chemistry

1. Introduction   to     Stoichiometry

Chemistry is a qualitative and quantitative science. Students have generally been studying chemistry in a qualitative sense. In this introduction to the quantitative aspect of chemistry, students will examine stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the mole-to-mole relationship in a balanced chemical equation.

This unit provides the opportunity to apply chemical principles to everyday life and industry. When studying reactions, students need the opportunities to investigate the usefulness of the reactions. The corresponding calculations provide the tools to investigate and support the students' responses.

Focus and Context

This unit focusses on problem solving and decision making. One way to introduce this unit is to begin with a contextualized problem requiring students to learn the chemistry to solve the problem and make decisions. The unit begins with an introduction to the concept of moles, Avogadro's number, and molar mass.

Stoichiometry introduces the problem-solving aspect of this course, providing students with the opportunity to develop skills in single problem solving (finding molar mass) and multi-level problem solving (percent yield).

This unit should focus on both the laboratory exercises and mathematical calculations as well as research on commercial production of compounds used by society. Chemicals in commercial or industrial environments are a context used through stoichiometry.

The stoichiometry unit provides the quantitative foundations for the remainder of high school chemistry.

� The Mole and Molar Mass � Calculations and Chemical Equations � Stoichiometric Experimentation � Applications of Stoichiometry

Students will be expected to

The Mole and Molar Mass

� define molar mass and perform mole-mass inter-conversions for pure substances (323-1)

� explain how a major scientific milestone, the mole, changed chemistry (115-3)

Calculations and Chemical Equations

� identify mole ratios of reactants and products from balanced chemical equations (323-10)

� identify practical problems that involve technology where equations were used (214-13)

� state a prediction and a hypothesis based on available evidence and background information (212-4)

� perform stoichiometric calculations related to chemical equations (323-11)

Stoichiometric Experimentation

� design stoichiometric experiments identifying and controlling major variables (212-3)

� use instruments effectively and accurately for collecting data (213-3)

� identify and explain sources of error and uncertainty in measurement using precision and accuracy (214-10)

� communicate questions, ideas, and intentions, and receive, interpret, understand, support, and respond to the ideas of others (215-1)

� identify various constraints that result in trade-offs during the development and improvement of technologies (114-4)

Applications of Stoichiometry

� identify various stoichiometric applications (323-12)

� predict how the yield of a particular chemical process can be maximized (323-13)

� explain how data support or refute the hypotheses or prediction of chemical reactions (214-12)

� compare processes used in science with those used in technology (114-7)

� analyse society's influence on science and technology (117-2)

 

2. From Structures to Properties

� Properties of Ionic and Molecular Compounds and Metallic Substances � Classifying Compounds � Bonding � Stuctural Models of Bonding � Bond Energies � Polar and Pure Covalent Bonding

Students will be expected to

Properties of Ionic and Molecular Compounds and Metallic Substances

� select and integrate information from various print and electronic sources or from several parts of the same source (213-7)

� identify and describe the properties of ionic and molecular compounds and metallic substances (321-7)

Classifying Compounds

� classify ionic, molecular, and metallic substances according to their properties (321-9)

� identify consumer products and investigate the claims made by companies' about the products (212-5)

Bonding

� illustrate and explain the formation of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds (321-4)

Structural Models of Bonding

� explain the structural model of a substance in terms of the various bonds that define it (321-11)

� explain how bonding evolved as new evidence and theories are tested and subsequently revised or replaced (115-7)

� analyse examples of Canadian contributions to bonding (117-11)

� analyse and describe examples where technologies were developed based on bonding (116-4)

� analyse, from a variety of perspectives, the risks and benefits to society and the environment of applying bonding knowledge or introducing a particular technology (118-2)

Bond Energies

� identify limitations of categorizing bond types based on differences in electronegativity between the elements and compounds (214-2)

� explain the evidence from a bonding experiment and from collected data in the development of bond energies (114-2)

� describe how the different types of bonds account for the properties of ionic and molecular compounds and metallic substances (321-8)

Polar and Pure Covalent Bonding

� illustrate and explain hydrogen bonds and van der Waals' forces (321-5)

� use library and electronic research tools to collect bonding information (213-6)

� select and integrate information from various print and electronic sources (213-7)

� compile and display evidence and information, by hand or computer, in a variety of formats, including diagrams, flow charts, tables, and graphs (214-3)