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Test 2 Review:
Oceanography Study all
handouts and assignments given in class. Mainly the following: Handouts:
Wind and currents. Ocean currents. Chasing
the Buoys.
Water properties. Assignments:
Ocean Currents questions from booklets. The
saltiest water at 4 % occurs in the: The
waters with the lowest salinity (from 0.5-3 %) are in the: The
easiest and least expensive method to measure salinity is by using a refractometer
The
most precise method of salinity measurement is: salinometer
(conductivity) The
main chemical found in sea water is NACL
(sodium chloride) The
average salinity of seawater is 3.5% A
Sextant is an instrument used in navigation for determining position
according to latitude by measuring the angle of elevation of a star above the
horizon. SCUBA
was invented by Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnon. A
SEA is a large expanse of salt water connected with an ocean. A
Bay is an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than
a gulf. A
Gulf is an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land. A
strait is a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of
water. Salinity
is defined as the amount of salts dissolved in water. A
hydrometer measures salinity by measuring the density of water. 1.
Name the two main types of ocean currents. Surface
and Deep 2.
Surface Currents are Controlled by what three factors: 1.
Global winds cause surface currents to flow in the direction the wind is
blowing. 2.
Coriolis Effect: The apparent curving of moving objects due to the Earth’s
rotation Northern Hemisphere = clockwise Southern Hemisphere = counter clockwise 3.
Continental Deflections: Shape of continents change the direction of current
flow 3.
Deep Currents are stream like movement of ocean water far below the surface They
are caused by changes in density. List two causes that change water density. Temperature
and salinity 4.
What is Upwelling and what is polar creep? How does it each affect the growth of fish and plants? Upwelling:
The movement of deep, cold, nutrient rich water to the surface Nutrients
promote growth of marine life, plants and fish. Areas
like the grand banks are important fishing grounds. Polar
creep: The movement of cold water from the surface to lower levels. It
brings oxygen for the marine life (fish) to breath. 5.
(a) Name the two main ocean currents off our coast.
(b) In what direction do they travel?
(c) List two effects that they have on our climate.
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Labrador current. North to South. Cools our climate 6.
When water freezes it decreases in density so it floats. Other compounds similar
to water increase in density so they sink. What
effect does this unusual property of water have on marine life? If
frozen water was denser than liquid it would sink and kill the marine life at
the bottom of the water. 7.
Why do you float better in the ocean than you do in a lake? Salt increases
density which holds you up higher in the salt water. |
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