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Geology 12 test review 1
answers 1. The mantle is a region of rock which is: denser than the crust 2. The
largest part of the earth is the core, which is believed to be made chiefly of: Iron
and nickel 3. The layer within the
mantle that the lithosphere rests on is the: Asthenosphere
4. The two
structures that make up the lithosphere are: the crust and the upper
mantle 5.
What Percentage of the earth is covered by water? 70 6.
The crust is approximately how many kilometers thick: 5
to 40 7.
The inner core has a diameter of about how many kilometers : 2600 8.
The inner and outer core are divided because they have different: states 9.
Test borings indicate that the temperature of the earth's interior: increases
with depth by 1°C for every__ 20__
meters 10.
The land surface of the earth comprises about__150
million square kilometers. 11.
A large proportion of the earth is covered by a loose material. The solid rock
beneath this cover is called: bedrock 12. Where there is no loose cover, the solid rock seen at the surface is
referred to as: outcrops 13.
The average temperature on earth is in degrees celsius is: 14 14. The Earth is believed to
be about how old: 4.5 billion years old,
15. Where
the African plate and the South American plate meet is: Diverging boundary 16. Where
the Nazca plate and the South American plate meet is a: Converging boundary 17. Where
the Pacific plate and the North American plate meet is: Transform boundary or
Sliding past each other boundary. 18. How do
plates move where convection currents are rising: apart 19.
_______of all earthquakes occur on the ring of fire. 90% 20. The North magnetic pole became the South
magnetic pole and reversed back again how many times within the past 4 million years? 4 21. The ocean floor becomes increasingly older_ as you travel away from the Mid Atlantic Ridge. 22. Spreading centers tend to have_higher_ elevations than the ocean
floor near them, because of the heat in the rock.
23.
The deepest places in the ocean occur at deep
sea trenches. These are
formed at: subduction
24.
The number of protons in the atom is called:
atomic number 25.
The number of protons and neutrons combined in the atom is called: atomic weight 26.
A substance consisting of two or more elements is called a: compound 27.
Atoms of the same chemical element with different atomic weights are: isotope 28. An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons and becomes charged
positively or negatively is called an: ion 29.
The mass of the atom is practically the same as the sum of: the protons and neutrons 30.
The main rock found in oceanic plates is: basalt 31.
The main rock found in continental plates is: granite 32.
Metals are elements that (lose or
gain) electrons 33.
Non-metals are elements that (lose or gain)
electrons, 34.
Inert elements are elements that: neither
gain nor lose electrons 35.
The regular arrangement of ions that results in regular geometric-forms is
called the: crystalline structure. 36. The slower the cooling of molten rock the (larger or smaller) the crystals. 37. Silicate minerals are compounds that contain what elements: silica
and oxygen 38.
The native elements that are different forms of carbon are: graphite
and diamond 39.
Who is the father of modern geology? James
Hutton 40. The two main elements in the lithosphere are: silica and oxygen 41.
Geologists have identified approximately 2000_minerals. 42.
Of these only 10__make up the bulk of
the rocks. 43.
Rocks from which minerals of economic value are extracted are: ores 44.
Minerals which occur free or uncombined in the rock : native 45. The
deepest point on earth. Mariana’s
Trench 46. What Percentage of the earth is covered by water? (a)
25 (b) 50 (c) 70 (d) 90. 1. Geology is divided
into two main areas. What are they? Structural geology and historical geology. 2. List four
branches of science that is included in Earth Science. Mineralogy:
The study and classification of minerals.
Petrology:
Deals with the origin, structure, occurrence, and history of rocks.
Geomorphology:
Deals with the origin, development, and classification of landforms.
Economic
geology: has to do with geologic processes and materials that can be utilized by
humans.
Seismology:
The study of earthquakes and the Earth's interior.
Volcanology:
the study of volcanoes and volcanic phenomena
Glaciology:
The study of glaciers and glaciations.
Marine
geology: or geological oceanography deals with the sea
Stratigraphy:
Dealing with the study, interpretation, and correlation of rock strata.
Paleontology:
The study of prehistoric plants and animals as revealed by their fossils and
related to the chronology of the Earth's history.
3. List three activities
carried out by Geologists. Prospecting for oil and minerals. Determining where to dig or drill for water. Predicting Earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. Studying earth history through the rock and fossil
records. 4.
Describe three pieces of evidence for plate tectonics.
1.
The Earths North and South Pole have flipped many times
These
leaves magnetic ‘stripes’ in rock
containing iron minerals
2.
Continents fit like a jigsaw puzzle. Continents used to be together
Matching
Mountain Ranges
3. Rocks & Fossils: Fossils
match between Africa & S. Mountains match between Europe
& N. 5.
List and describe the three main plate boundaries.
Divergent:
Plates moving apart
Convergent:
Plates moving towards each other. Transform
Fault: Sliding past
each other boundary 6. What is the main
source of heat in the earth's interior? From
“original” heat and radioactive elements.
7. Where did the oxygen
in the atmosphere probably come from? The marine plants through photosynthesis. 8. Where did the water on
the earth probably come from? From the rock itself. 9. How did the new oceans
get salty? The 1st rains fell and washed the salts into
the sea. 10. List four of the
Principal characteristics of a mineral 1. Element or
compound 2. Natural 3.
Inorganic 4. Solid 5. Definite chemical structure 11. List five of the
Physical Properties of a mineral. Luster Color Hardness Cleavage
Streak Specific Gravity 12. List the first and
second most abundant minerals in the Earth's Crust. Feldspar and Quartz 13. What is Seismology? Seismology:
The study of earthquakes and the Earth's interior.
14. What is Paleontology?
Paleontology:
The study of prehistoric plants and animals as revealed by their fossils and
related to the chronology of the Earth's history.
15.
Explain three pieces of evidence about Earth’s spherical shape that was known
even thousands of years ago.
1.
The mast of a ship was the first to appear over the horizon.
2.
The lunar eclipse is circular
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